14th Amendment free essay sample

Examines history of civil rights in Constitutional context, major Court rulings (Slaughter House cases, Plessy vs. Ferguson, Brown vs. Board of Education). The Constitution guarantees individual rights and liberties to every American. What most people probably do not know is that, while the Constitution is more than 200 years old, most individual civil rights date back only a little more than 50 years. Not until the 1950s did black Americans win the rights enjoyed by most all other citizens. Most of the individual rights and liberties guaranteed by the constitution are included in the Bill of Rights (first 10 amendments to the Constitution). The first 10 amendments were ratified in 1791. However, the Bill of Rights protected citizens against abuses by only the federal government. State governments could decide what limits they would place on free speech, trial by jury, or racial equality. This began to change after the Civil War. In 1865, Congress drafted constitutional amendments that Southern states would have

10 Definition Essay Topics on the Climate Change Based on the Biocultural Approach

10 Definition Essay Topics on the Climate Change Based on the Biocultural Approach A definition essay is a creative piece of writing, which asks each student to come up with a single word and define it through the lens of the content in whatever piece of writing was assigned. In this case, with a focus on biocultural approaches, a student would need to pick a single word that might relate directly or tangentially to the topic and from there, define it based on content derived from the book. This requires students to look at a single topic within a larger topic, and from there find a single word that can be defined based on the context of the piece. That being said, finding facts to support your definition can be challenging, and above all else you want to find facts which help you best to make the definition you have selected a viable one. Below you will find a list of facts that can be used to support your definition essay, assuming the word which you are defining is one which can use the information provided. Review these with care and with your specific definition in mind: Philosophical viewpoints toward humanity and nature have historically viewed human impact as detrimental to the world of nature and something which has wrought dysfunction on the otherwise pristine and virgin natural environment which existed without human interference. This idea has made it challenging to define the relationship between nature and humans, as the only viable solutions presented were those which looked toward a non-human solution, a way of improving nature without humans. Historically studies have explored linguistic diversity as a single element as well as biological diversity as a single element. However, in each case the focus is on the single element and/or its impact on other cultural or natural elements, and not on one another. The field of biocultural diversity has taken from ethnoecological, ethnobiological, and anthropological insights in order to form a more comprehensive insight into the relationships between human knowledge, language, practice, and the environment. This has been a fundamental change as it alters the once widely accepted assumption of being an inextricable link between cultural diversity and biological diversity. The paradigm of sustainability is one which uses three distinct pillars to form its foundation, that of economy, society, and environment. Understanding traditional biodiversity plays a key role in this. As such, future development and application of improved biodiversity solutions are only made possible with sustainability and biodiversity working together. It was the International Society of Ethnobiology which declared in 1988 that there was a link between local and indigenous knowledge about plants, animals, habitats, ecological relations, functions, and low environmental impact that translated to sustainability of traditional forms for the use of natural resources. Humans have successfully maintained, as well as enhanced and in some cases even created biodiversity by way of the diverse cultural practices of managing otherwise â€Å"wild† resources and by the varied ways of raising domesticated animal species such as through animal husbandry, agroforestry, fire, and horticulture. This study was particularly important as a counter measure to the idea of bringing nature back to its â€Å"original† and â€Å"pristine† condition wherein it is no longer affected by humans. The findings actually suggested that there was a great link between the environment and humans, one which was interdependent and at a global level. That means that both humans and nature must be preserved together. Linguistic diversity functions as a web of intellectual life, something that envelops the Earth and is really essential to the survival of mankind in the same way that biology is paramount to the function of Earth. In fact, the role played by language and culture has been recognized as a potential fourth pillar to the previous three pillars which formed the notion of sustainable biodiversity. UNESCO as well as the IUCN, CBD, and UNEP have worked together to improve the synergies between cultural and biological diversities. The biocultural world is currently at a negative turning point which can be mitigated by practitioners, researchers, and activists who change their perspective toward biocultural knowledge and improve conservation of human culture in tandem with the conservation of nature. Humans have a responsibility to grow their economy and their future by cultural milestones and by preservation. One should not have to exist without the other, and in fact, cannot. Maintaining local cultures and revitalizing local languages is a form of conservation which should go hand in hand with the conservation of biodiversity, something which celebrates the past and its connection toward the future. People who are in the thick of the issue are those within the biocultural trenches and these are the people who can provide conceptual and political knowledge and tools to younger generations regarding the diversity within nature and within human culture which makes people, people. This knowledge is what will give people the opportunity to chart a new and sustainable path of culture and ecology. Diversity has been found to exist among plant and animal species, habitats, ecosystems, as well as human language and culture. Perhaps more surprising is that these ranges of diversities are not necessarily existent in separate realms which are parallel but rather, they exist in complex ways and interact among one another in a co-evolutionary fashion. The diversity of life is made up of interacting diversities which have developed with time to adapt toward mutual adaptation between the environment and humans in the form of a coevolutionary relationship. This is seen down to the local level, something which indicates that there is a deep connection between the two. Remember that these are only meant as a guide and you can choose to define whatever topic or word you select using whichever pieces of data you find best represent your overall purpose. If you find it difficult to select the right topic, look through our list that will help you with that. In other case, if there is a problem with an essay structure, use our guide on definition writing. Do not limit yourself to the facts above, but rather, take time to explore concepts and terms similar to your word and look for creative inspiration. Our writing service can be helpful if you experience troubles in academic paper writing. References Heckenberger, Michael. Biocultural Diversity In The Southern Amazon.  Diversity  2.1 (2009): 1-16. Web. Kerr, R. A. CLIMATE CHANGE: Humans And Nature Duel Over The Next Decades Climate.Science  317.5839 (2007): 746-747. Web. Kerr, R. A. CLIMATE CHANGE: Its Official: Humans Are Behind Most Of Global Warming.Science  291.5504 (2001): 566a-566. Web. Maffi, Luisa, and Ellen Woodley.  Biocultural Diversity Conservation. London: Earthscan, 2010. Print. Stepp, John R, Felice S Wyndham, and Rebecca K Zarger.  Ethnobiology And Biocultural Diversity. Athens, GA: International Society of Ethnobiology, 2002. Print. Vignieri, S. Humans Mitigate Climate Change Effects.  Science  337.6100 (2012): 1274-1274. Web. Weston, Burns H., and Tracy Bach. Recalibrating The Law Of Humans With The Laws Of Nature: Climate Change, Human Rights, And Intergenerational Justice.  SSRN Electronic Journal  n. pag. Web.

WHO considers vaccination to be a primary intervention in the Essay

WHO considers vaccination to be a primary intervention in the preventation of disease and promotion of wellbeing - Essay Example Immunology commences as a component of microbiology; in fact, this is a study of infections illnesses to which the human body responds to have a significant role in establishment of immunology (WHO, 2012). Apparently, immunology entails a concept of germ theory, which is related to a disease contributing to the field of immunology. On the other hand, vaccination involves biological measures, which are derived from living organisms (WHO, 2012). In this case, these measures are aimed at enhancing immunity against disease, prevent diseases through prophylactic vaccines, or offer treatment for illnesses through therapeutic vaccines (Hanekom, 2005, 21). These vaccines are in liquid form, which is injected, orally administered or through intranasal routes. Vaccines entail disease causing microorganism or components, which are administered into the human body. 2. Outline three Countries considered high risk for diseases transmission and the approx % persons travelling to these Countries eac h year (using WHO). The economic conditions in developing countries makes a third of the population, which is approximately 1.3 billion to live on low daily incomes that is below the poverty line of one dollar (WHO, 2012). There are other problems involving children malnourishment; in fact a fifth of these children are not immunized after a period of one year. Furthermore, 30% of the world’s population suffers due to inaccessibility to essential treatment (WHO, 2012). Therefore, there are numerous people living below the poverty line and this leads to increased negligence towards dangerous infectious diseases, and due this reason some diseases have gained ground (Pashine, Valiante & Ulmer, 2005, 63). There are nations whose citizens are suffering significantly suffered from consequences of neglecting these diseases (Burton and Murray, 2011, 164). In addition, this problem is aggravated by increasing mass population movement over the years. Some of the countries considered to have a high risk for diseases transmission by WHO include counties in located along the yellow fever belt of Africa and South America. Source: World Health Organization (WHO) WHO (2012) argues that there has been increasing number of planes travelling to and from these places with airline passengers. For instance number of passengers travelling has increased from 2 million since 1950 to over 1.4 billion in the present days among counties in located along the yellow fever belt of Africa and South America (WHO, 2012). Therefore, this makes transmission of illnesses to be in a matter of hours. Numbers of air travel have increased, thereby leading to increased chances of people transporting diseases from continents from one country to the other in few hours. In this case, this poses a threat of deadly diseases to different countries. This has led to recommendations made by World Health Organization (WHO, 2012, 204), indicating that vaccinations are supposed to be administered routinely to infants. In fact, World Health Organization (WHO, 2012, 204) argues that infants, who live in these locations, should be vaccinated and other people who are planning to travel to these countries. These countries have been regarded to be in highly risk situation posed yellow fever due to is viral nature associated with haemorrhagic disease and increased fatality rate. On the other hand, the recognition of the implications of the public health has increasingly dwindled over the years. For instance, there were cases of Ebola reported in 1996, whereby health workers were infected by patients who had visited the country to seek medical services after an outbreak in Gabon. There are initiatives that have been established in South African government

Tides Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tides - Essay Example (Enchanted Learning, 2008). The ability to accurately predict tides has a variety of important implications, including coastal navigation. (Wikipedia, 2008). Because tides have such important implications, it is important and useful to examine the processes by which changing tides occur. There are two high tides and two low tides every day, with about "12 hours and 25 minutes between the two high tides." (Cooley, 2002). The exact time the high tide occurs depends on the relative location of the moon to earth. The distance between the earth and the moon is a crucial factor in determining tides and tidal range. Two words that are helpful to understand in examining the distance between the earth and moon are "perigee" and "apogee." When the moon is at perigee, or its closest to the earth, the tidal range is increased. When the moon is at apogee, or its farthest distance from the earth, this range is decreased. (Whipple, 2007 & Wikipedia, 2008). The reason that the distance of the earth from the moon has such a profound effect on tidal range is because of gravitational pull. Although the mass of the moon is much less than the mass of the earth, the moon still pulls the earth towards it by means of its gravity. This gravitational pull causes two bulges in the surface of the ocean on opposite sides of the earth, and the spinning of the earth on its axis creates tides as the bulges change location. (Frances, 2005). Because water is always in motion and isn't stuck to the earth, water on the earth is most affected by the moon's gravitational pull. On the side of the earth that is near the moon, water is pulled toward the moon, but on the other side of the earth, there is also a bulge of water. This is because the earth as a whole is being pulled toward the moon by the side that is close to the moon but the water on the other side of the earth is not. (Cooley, 2002). One type of tide is called a spring tide. A spring tide refers to the occurrence of the greatest range in a tide's low and high. In other words, during this tide there will be the greatest distance between how high the water gets and how low the water gets. This happens when there is a syzygy. A syzygy refers to the lining up of the sun, earth, and moon. (Wikipedia, 2008). The reason that the tidal range is greatest during a spring tide is because the gravitational pull of the sun and moon combine to produce the highest highs and lowest lows of the bulging water. (Cooley, 2002). It is also interesting to note that Spring tides occur around the time of new and full moons. (Wikipedia, 2008). When there is a new moon, the moon is in between the sun and the earth. When there is a full moon, the The Proxigean Spring Tide is an especially high tidal range that occurs once about every one and a half years. It happens when the moon is new and is at proxigee. Proxigee refers to when the moon is at its closest perigee to earth. (Cooley, 2002). The opposite of a spring tide is a neap tide. A neap tide refers to the occurrence of the smallest range in a tide's low and high. Neap tides occur when th

The History Of Characteristics Of Monopolistic Competition Economics Essay

The History Of Characteristics Of Monopolistic Competition Economics Essay 1.0Introduction According to the Dominick Salvatore (2009 p.3) microeconomic theory is perhaps the most important course in all economics and business programs. With it we can answer or understand such question as why the price of gold rose sharply in few years; why the price of petrol rose dramatically in 2008s-2010s and declined in 2011s; why the price of sugar rose in few years; why the cereal rose in few years and others. By contrast, microeconomics is the study of individual house household or firms (business units). It focuses on particular parts of the economy. Microeconomics theory provides the tools for understanding how the other economies operate. 2.0 Introduction to Monopoly According to the Cambridge dictionary (second edition) monopoly in microeconomics mean is when a company or organization is the only one in an area of business or activity and has complete control of it. In market structure under the monopoly there is a single seller and large of buyers and selling products. It have no a high entry and the existence of barrier and have no close substitution to other vendors to enter into the market. Examples of products in monopoly market in our country are water, electricity and local telephone services. Our home telephone services are Telekom Malaysia (TM Berhad). Obviously, Telekom Malaysia is a monopoly in market. Through this it can let us know the meaning and reason causing monopoly. Besides that, it also know characteristic of monopoly and how affect or effect in market structure. 3.0 Characteristics of Monopoly 3.1.1 Single Firm Under the monopoly single seller is that the monopoly seller is the market. The market demand for a good is the demand for the output produced by the monopoly. 3.1.2 Barriers to Entry Barriers to entry is anything are designed which artificially to block or prevent the entry of firms entering a market profitably. There are some of the key barriers to entry are patents and copyrights, limit pricing, advertising, international trade restrictions and development expenditure. 3.1.3 Price Maker Single firm produces goods and have a monopoly in an entire market that means it holds a large majority of a stock. With having a large majority of a stock and a single firm makes a decision affect the price of an item in market. As a result, seller has full control over the market price. 3.1.4 Unique Product Single firm produces unique the product and no close substitutes for the product with each other. For example, there is presently no close substitute for Berita Harian, the only Malay language newspaper in Singapore. 4.0 Hypothetical Demand, Total Revenue, and Marginal Revenue Faced by a Monopolist Table 4.1 Hypothetical Demand, Total Revenue, and Marginal Revenue Faced by a Monopolist Figure 4.1 Hypothetical Demand and Marginal Revenue Curves of a Monopolist Since D is a negatively sloped, MR is lower than P. The MR values are plotted at the midpoint of each quantity interval. The MR curve starts at the same point as the D curve and at every point bisect the distance between D and the vertical axis. MR is positive when D is elastic. MR=0 when D is unitary elastic and TR is a maximum. MR is negative when D is inelastic. Table 4.2 Short-Run Total Cost, Marginal Cost, and Average Total Cost FIGURE 4.2 Short-Run Equilibrium of the Monopolist: Marginal Approach The best or optimum level of output of the monopolist is three units. This is given by point G, where MR=MC (and the MC curve intersects the MR curve from below). At Q=3, P=$6 (point A on the demand curve), ATC=$4.50 (point B on the ATC curve), and the monopolist earns $1.50 (AB) per unit of output sold and $4.50in total (shaded area ABCF). At Q MC and total profits rise by increasing Q. At Q>3, MC>MR and total profits rise by reducing Q. 5.0 Summary Characteristics of Monopoly are single firm, Barriers to entry high, unique product, power of firm over price and advertising. Single firm earns more profits in this type of market structure because no close substitute product to replace it. Barrier to entry is high because want to protect the single firm in market. A firm produces the unique products to avoid others firms to produce it. Monopolist has power to control prices of the product. Last, it consists of advertising in this type of market structure. 6.0 Introduction There are many types of market structures characteristics in which will affect the price and nature competition. For example, number of buyers and sellers, product differentiation, and the ease of entry into and exit from the market. Market structures refer to the competitive environment within which a firm operates. Market structures divided into four basic types which is perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly and monopoly. 7.0 Perfect Competition Perfect competition is a type of market in which there are large number of buyers and sellers. The sellers sell identical or homogeneous products. There is also free entry and exists of the firms. Both the sellers and buyers have perfect knowledge of the market. 7.1 Characteristics of Perfect Competition 7.1.1 There are many buyers and sellers of a commodity Reynolds, R. L., (2005, p.2) points out that the idealized perfect competitive insures that no buyers and sellers has any power or ability to influence the price. The perfect competitive market is price takers. Each buyer buys the commodity at the price determined by the market condition. 7.1.2 Homogeneous product The product of an industry in which the outputs of different firms are indistinguishable compare with another product. The homogeneous products are the product where the buyers could not differentiate the products of one seller to another seller. 7.1.3 Perfect knowledge In perfect competition firms, consumers and resource owners have perfect knowledge of all relevant prices and costs in market. No buyers to pay more a price of the product higher than the prevailing price. Similarly, sellers will not set or charge a price higher or lower than the prevailing price. Advertisement has no scope in this type of market. 7.1.4 Resources are perfect mobility This means that inputs or resources are free to move in market. Firms can enter or leave the industry in the long run without much difficultly. That is, there are no artificial barriers like copy rights and trademark or natural barriers such as huge capital requirements to entry into and exit from the industry. 7.2 Monopolistic Competition In monopolistic competitions there are contains many sellers but the products are differentiated. Many sellers produce products are similar but not identical. There are following features of monopolistic competition. 7.3 Characteristics of Monopolistic competition 7.3.1 Differentiated products Differentiated products are products that are similar but not identical and the products are close substitutes products with each other. Sellers cannot set their prices of the products very different from each other. In physical differentiation is through differences in design, material, color and others. Further differentiation of a particular product may be based entirely on some seller location of his shop, kind of service they provide and fair dealing. 7.3.2 Large number of firms Under monopolistic competition there is contains a big number of firms satisfying the market demand of the product. These firms do not produce perfect substitutes but the products which are relatively close substitute for each other. For instance, in soft drink industry, the prices for a can of 330 ml soft drink range among several brands on market today such as Pepsi, Sarsi and Cola-cola 7.3.3 No barriers to entry and exit Firms can also and leave a monopolistically competitive industry. The monopolistic element arises from product differentiation. For example, if à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"MASà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ wants to become a company top 10 in international airline system, this firm must find some difference in term of quality of service or facility equipment are provided by the firm. 7.4 Oligopoly According to the Dominick Salvatore 5-edition Principles of Microeconomics (2009, p.330) oligopoly is the form of market organization in which there are few firms of a homogeneous or differentiated product. 3.5 Characteristics of Oligopoly 3.5.1 Few numbers of large firms The firms are few but the size of firms is large. Few firms control overall the market to ensure few number of large firms have a fair amount of market. For example of the oligopoly is Proton and Perodua. 3.5.2 Interdependence Each firm under the oligopoly is can affect the market, making each firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s choices dependent on the choices of the other firms. So, they are interdependence. 3.5.3 Barriers to entry Oligopoly is meaning only few firms in the industry with barriers to the entry of new firms. Firms recognize their mutual dependence. 3.5.4 Advertising and selling costs The firms want to increase a greater share in the market and to maximize sale. So, this firm will expend more money on advertisement and other sale promotion. Advertising and selling cost are playing an important role in this type of market structure. 3.5.1 Homogeneous and differentiate products 3.5.2 Homogeneous Product Oligopoly . In market, industries produce intermediate products and sent to other different industries for manufacturing their products. For examples of the homogeneous products are steel and aluminum industries. 3.6.2 Differentiate Product Oligopoly Products manufactured in these markets are for personal consumption. For example of the differentiate product oligopoly is beer, breakfast cereals, detergents, soaps, computers and others. 3.7 Monopoly Monopoly is a single seller and sell the product is unique. Thus, in market structure there are many buyers and selling the product and there are no close substitutes with each other. For example that gave by Dominick Salvatore (2009, p.287) The Aluminum Company of America (Alcoa) is a classic example of how a monopoly was created and maintained for almost 50 years. The monopoly was created in the late nineteenth century when Alcoa acquired a patent on the method to remove oxygen from bauxite to obtain aluminum. 3.8 Characteristics of Monopoly 3.8.1 Singer seller in the market There are no close substitutes of the product in the market and no more other competitors in the market. Monopolist can control or affect price is evidence of its monopoly power. 3.8.2 Lack of competition Under the monopoly in market structure there are lacks of competition because there are no close substitute products in market. 4.0 Summary The characteristic of market which is classified as one of four market models are perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly and monopoly. Perfect competition consists of many sellers and buyers of a commodity, homogeneous products, perfect knowledge, and resources are perfect mobility and no ability to control over the price of a product. Monopolistic competition is involved a large number of firms, differentiated products, no barriers to entry and exit and using advertising to shift demand. Oligopoly which is consist a few number of large firms, interdependence, barriers to entry, advertising and selling costs and homogeneous and differentiate products. Last, monopoly includes of singer seller, lack of competition, unique product and imperfect knowledge. In question 2 the various characteristics between the four types of market structures which are Perfect Competition, Monopolistic Competition, Oligopoly and Monopoly have been discussed. These four types of market structure are different characteristics and it will affect the nature or artificial of competition and the price of the product. The figure 6 is shows about the differentiation of the characteristics of the following market structure. Market structure Perfect competition Monopolistic competition Oligopoly Monopoly Number of producers Many Many Few One Type of product Standardized Differentiated Standardized or differentiated Unique product Power of firm over price None Some Some Considerable Barriers to entry Low Low High Very high Non-price competition None Advertising and product differentiation Advertising and product differentiation Advertising Examples Parts of agriculture are reasonable close Pepsi Computer, oil Telekom

Death in Do Not Go Gentle, City Cafeteria, Death Shall Have no Dominion

Death in Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night, City Cafeteria, And Death Shall Have no Dominion and Grandparents  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      Death is a highly personal event. It affects each of us differently. It affected Peter Kocan's man in the City Cafeteria by making him look empty and disoriented. It affected Dylan Thomas by making him think about what there was afterward, and what you could do to avoid it. Death even affected Robert Lowell by making him realise how much it changed his life. I, fortunately, seem to have avoided death in many ways, but also have been touched by it, even recently. While preparing for this essay, ironically, one of my family pets died. It was a chicken named Ellephante, which belonged to my younger sister. I didn't know what to think. I don't think, even now, several days later, that I feel the chicken has gone. I suppose I'm denying it. I constantly revisit, in my mind, the times I went into my back yard to be greeted with a flutter of wings and a white body racing down the hill to greet me. I imagine this feeling to be similar to the one expressed in Grandparents, by Robert Lowell. He feels, as he walks around the farm, which now belongs to him, certain pangs of loneliness, of missing his grandparents. Small things set him off - the gramophone and the billiard table with the coffee stain. Small things still set my sister off - going up to the chook shed to feed the remaining chooks, or looking out the window and not seeing that other white shape we came to know and love as Ellephante. Taken before its time (the next-door dog is undoubtably the culprit), I do not feel that Ellephante 'went gentle into that good night'. Ellephante was a feisty chicken, always very vocal and very affectionate and tame... ... I look to death as Dylan Thomas does - as a natural progression from life. I don't know quite what I believe in - some days it's reincarnation, some days it's a very scientific returning to a state of atoms in different forms, some days (when I'm upset) it's just being buried and then it stops, some days it's being taken from this world to another. I don't know that I believe in a Heaven or Hell, as such, but it's nice to think about it some times. Unlike so many people I know, I don't fear death - I used to, but I have come to accept it as an inevitable part of life, which everyone will have to face. I just know that when it's my time to depart, I want people to remember the good times and not to dwell on the bad. "It is as natural to die as to be born; and to a little infant, perhaps, the one is as painful as the other." Francis Bacon - 'Essays "Of Death"' Death in Do Not Go Gentle, City Cafeteria, Death Shall Have no Dominion Death in Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night, City Cafeteria, And Death Shall Have no Dominion and Grandparents  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      Death is a highly personal event. It affects each of us differently. It affected Peter Kocan's man in the City Cafeteria by making him look empty and disoriented. It affected Dylan Thomas by making him think about what there was afterward, and what you could do to avoid it. Death even affected Robert Lowell by making him realise how much it changed his life. I, fortunately, seem to have avoided death in many ways, but also have been touched by it, even recently. While preparing for this essay, ironically, one of my family pets died. It was a chicken named Ellephante, which belonged to my younger sister. I didn't know what to think. I don't think, even now, several days later, that I feel the chicken has gone. I suppose I'm denying it. I constantly revisit, in my mind, the times I went into my back yard to be greeted with a flutter of wings and a white body racing down the hill to greet me. I imagine this feeling to be similar to the one expressed in Grandparents, by Robert Lowell. He feels, as he walks around the farm, which now belongs to him, certain pangs of loneliness, of missing his grandparents. Small things set him off - the gramophone and the billiard table with the coffee stain. Small things still set my sister off - going up to the chook shed to feed the remaining chooks, or looking out the window and not seeing that other white shape we came to know and love as Ellephante. Taken before its time (the next-door dog is undoubtably the culprit), I do not feel that Ellephante 'went gentle into that good night'. Ellephante was a feisty chicken, always very vocal and very affectionate and tame... ... I look to death as Dylan Thomas does - as a natural progression from life. I don't know quite what I believe in - some days it's reincarnation, some days it's a very scientific returning to a state of atoms in different forms, some days (when I'm upset) it's just being buried and then it stops, some days it's being taken from this world to another. I don't know that I believe in a Heaven or Hell, as such, but it's nice to think about it some times. Unlike so many people I know, I don't fear death - I used to, but I have come to accept it as an inevitable part of life, which everyone will have to face. I just know that when it's my time to depart, I want people to remember the good times and not to dwell on the bad. "It is as natural to die as to be born; and to a little infant, perhaps, the one is as painful as the other." Francis Bacon - 'Essays "Of Death"'

Saudi Arabian Earrings

Saudi Arabia is known for having a rich culture. This is one of the countries where traditional costumes, jewelries and ornaments still matter. Women in Saudi Arabia use earrings as part of their customary beliefs and cultural practices. And as such, Saudi Arabia’s market is being targeted for this purpose. Since earrings are used as ornaments in the Saudi Arabian culture, women are very sensitive and particular in choosing and buying the earrings that are appropriate for their culture. Aside from these, Saudi Arabian women spend a lot on jewelries and they are less particular of the price and quantity as long as the item satisfies their need for it. And since we are going to develop a product that aims to capture women's attention because of the use of timeless stones, worthy and affordable accessories, and creative and elegant designs, Saudi Arabia was chosen to be the target market of this product. Mass Marketing Since earrings are perceived as necessary products in Saudi Arabia, the item is subject to mass marketing. No particular group in the country will be targeted for the product, as such, this means that this product can be introduced to a larger market. Thus, as marketers we will make variety of designs for the customers. This product is expected to be patronized by females from different classes. We are going to produce earrings of different designs in order to capture the attention of women from upper and lower classes. Aside from women, men can also be a target market because they may purchase earrings as gifts to their female family members. Segmentation In developing a product, the common needs and wants of the market should be identified first (â€Å"Market Segmentation†). This product was planned to be distributed to Saudi Arabia based on psychographic segmentation. Saudi Arabia was targeted for the product because they share the same values and lifestyle. Because of that, it will be easier for us to distribute and sell our product to this country. Multiple Segment We will develop different versions of the product offering for each segment. Since mass marketing will be applied, it is important that the product will have variety of designs. The upper class may buy the earrings with a larger stone but the customers who belong to lower class would refer to buy earrings with the most affordable price (â€Å"Market Segmentation†). For Bedouin women, we will create earrings that will be suitable for their social and economical status while some designs will be intended for married women (Ross). Other earrings will be designed for some Saudi Arabian traditions such as dowry and gifts for special occasions. Positioning It is indeed true there are a lot of competitors in the market. The product to be endorsed is no longer new in the market because a lot of manufacturers have also developed this kind of product. Yet, in order to be ahead of the competition, we would create a unique selling proposition so that the customers will buy the product instead of the others’. We will endorse this product not only as symbol of their culture and beliefs but also as a fashion trend. Our product has an elegant style which can be used in all occasions and events. Aside from that, the advertisement would highlight how the product was carefully designed especially for the women of Saudi Arabia. We created a lot of styles so that the customers can choose from variety of designs of the product. As such, in order to fully capture the interest of the target market and to entice them into patronizing our product, we must be able to identify our products with our selected target markets (Pezzullo 142). Target Concentrated. Although the mass marketing was applied and the product was created with different designs, the earrings will be distributed only in this country. We will concentrate on distributing and creating earrings for the target market only for the mere reason that the product was exclusively made for Saudi Arabian women. Through this strategy of specializing our product, the distribution and promotional tactics, our limited resources will be utilized in order to attain the highest level of benefits that can be gained from it (Pezzullo 142).